Justice, 1996

Cultural violence refers to aspects of culture—such as religion, ideology, language, art, and science—that are used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence. Psychological violence involves indirect negative influence through indoctrination, misinformation, propaganda, blackmail, or terror to instill fear or break mental resistance. Structural violence is a form of hidden violence embedded in unjust, unequal, and unrepresentative social structures, where people’s actual physical and mental well-being falls short of their potential.